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RTP port negotiation

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@otoh wrote:

I have internal (on the same network as the PBX) and external (via NAT) phones. A recent change in routers required some changes to get my external phones working. I got it running but am prompted to try to understand how RTP ports work/are agreed on...

Previous Netgear router worked well, no problem with external phones:

  • Yealink phones have default RTP range 11780-11800
  • Router forwarding ports 10000-20000
  • FreePBX RTP ports default 10000-20000

Switching to a Draytek:

  • No change to phone ports
  • Router set up in the same way as before, 10000-20000
  • No audio on FreePBX - but fixed when set the RTP ports to match the phone ports, 11780-11800

This prompts various questions:

  • Which end decides which RTP ports to use? This suggests that FreePBX was using ports from the larger range, which were not accepted by the phone
  • In which case, how/why did it work with the previous router?
  • How many RTP ports are needed per call - by setting FreePBX to this smaller range, am I limiting how many calls it will handle?

Any help in understanding much appreciated!

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